Synchronous Double Primary Tumors of Liver (Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Hepatocellular carcinoma): A Case Report.

This study presents a case of dual primary liver cancer involving small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The 58-year-old Chinese male patient, who has a medical history of viral hepatitis B, presented with right upper abdominal pain persisting for one month. Imaging studies indicated the presence of multiple liver masses in segments V and VII-VIII, as well as a mass in the left lung. Subsequent hepatic biopsy performed on both segments confirmed the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma in segment V and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in segment VII-VIII. After undergoing one cycle of chemotherapy, the lung mass exhibited a reduction in size, while the liver masses showed an inadequate response. Subsequently, the patient underwent Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy (HIAC), resulting in partial remission (PR). However, the patient was diagnosed with brain metastasis and subsequently treated with Sorafenib and Tirelizumab, a Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor. The efficacy evaluation indicated stability, and no severe adverse effects were observed at the time of writing. The patient's survival time was 16 months.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the retroperitoneal giant type treated with Toripalimab: A case report.

Epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (EHEs), low-grade malignant tumors of vascular endothelial cell origin, are characterized by vascular endothelial proliferation. In 2002, the World Health Organization classified EHEs as locally aggressive tumors with the potential to metastasize. Currently, the diagnosis of EHE is based on pathology, histological and immunohistochemical examinations. There are no standard treatment guidelines. We here report a 69-year-old man who presented with left-sided chest and abdominal pain for more than 2 months. Enhanced computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen in another hospital suggested a mass in the left adrenal region that was considered malignant. Positron emission tomography- computed tomography in our hospital suggested a large multi-loculated, hypermetabolic, cystic mass in the left adrenal region that was considered malignant. Accordingly, a puncture biopsy of the mass was performed and the diagnosis of EHE confirmed by pathological examination, including immunohistochemical staining. This patient was treated with the programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor toripalimab with long-term success. The best response was stable disease (SD) with a progression-free survival (PFS) of more than 13 months. The patient is still alive now. Because the sample size of previous studies was small, further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of toripalimab in the treatment of EHE.

Development and validation of prognostic nomogram for patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma based on the SEER database.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors affecting overall survival in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and to establish a nomogram prediction model for comprehensive clinical application. Data from 2370 patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2017 were retrieved from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. They were randomly divided into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%), univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to screen important variables that may affect overall survival and to establish the nomogram. The nomogram model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was performed to test the accuracy and validity of the nomogram. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that, age, primary site, grade, and American joint committee on cancer. T, bone metastasis, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, tumor Size, and chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival and were included in the prognostic model to construct a nomogram. The prognostic nomogram showed good overall survival risk stratification ability for the area under the curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis in both the training and validation sets. Kaplan-Meier curves further showed that patients in the low-risk group had better overall survival. This study synthesizes the clinical, pathological, therapeutic characteristics of patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, establishes a clinically effective prognostic model, and that can help clinicians to better evaluate the patient's condition and provide accurate treatment.

Chromosome-level assembly of Gymnocypris eckloni genome.

Gymnocypris eckloni is widely distributed in isolated lakes and the upper reaches of the Yellow River and play significant roles in the trophic web of freshwater communities. In this study, we generated a chromosome-level genome of G. eckloni using PacBio, Illumina and Hi-C sequencing data. The genome consists of 23 pseudo-chromosomes that contain 918.68 Mb of sequence, with a scaffold N50 length of 43.54 Mb. In total, 23,157 genes were annotated, representing 94.80% of the total predicted protein-coding genes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that G. eckloni was most closely related to C. carpio with an estimated divergence time of ~34.8 million years ago. For G. eckloni, we identified a high-quality genome at the chromosome level. This genome will serve as a valuable genomic resource for future research on the evolution and ecology of the schizothoracine fish in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing of Gut Microbiota from Naked Carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) in Qinghai Lake, China.

Naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) is a second-grade animal under state protection of China. We report 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of the gut microbiota of Gymnocypris przewalskii. The three most abundant phyla are Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria, and the six most abundant genera are Aeromonas, Clostridium, Cetobacterium, Shewanella, Prochlorococcus, and Vibrio.

[Association between body mass index and physical fitness index among children and adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness index (PFI) among children and adolescents. METHODS: The study sample included 8941 students aged 7 to 18 years in Anhui who attended the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance program of Chinese School Students, in 2010. Within each sex- and age-specific group, students were classified into five BMI categories which were: very low, BMI<5th percentile; low, BMI≥5th but <15th percentiles; normal, BMI≥15th but <85th percentiles; high, BMI≥85th but <95th percentiles; and very high, BMI≥95th percentiles. Z-scores based on urban-rural, sex- and age-specific means and standard deviations were calculated, and the sum of Z-scores for the fitness tests was used as a PFI. Differences in PFI between BMI categories were compared with ANOVA. Sex- and grade-specific regressions of PFI on BMI were done by using a linear model. RESULTS: For 8941 students, the PFIs on very low, low, normal, high and very high group were -1.77, -0.91, 0.32, -0.17 and -0.54, respectively, and showed an inverted U shape. The normal BMI group students presented the highest PFI. Data from Linear regression analysis revealed that PFI was significantly positively correlated with BMI, while negatively associated with BMI square, which indicated that PFI was the quadratic function of BMI. When BMI was increasing, PFI showed a parabolic curvilinear. CONCLUSION: Relationships between BMI and PFI were parabolic curvilinear among the children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 in Anhui province.

[Relationship between waist circumference development curve of children and hypertension and risk of hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: The 85th percentile of waist circumference (WC) is considered an appropriate cutoff for Chinese children in the prediction of cardiovascular risks in previous researches, but the risk for hypertension of moderate WC maybe underestimated. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of the WC curve trajectory of children with hypertension and to determine the appropriate cutoffs for waist circumference for Chinese school-age children and adolescents for predicting hypertension risk factors. METHODS: A total of 8194 Han children aged 7 - 17 years were selected from schools in Suzhou, Hefei, and Chizhou cities in Anhui province by stratified cluster sampling. WC and blood pressure were accurately measured in all subjects. LMS (lambda-mu-sigma) method was used to construct WC centile curves. Optimal WC cutoffs were determined by comparing the performance of different percentile sets of WC cutoffs in predicting hypertension risk factors. RESULTS: The fitted LMS curves of WC for the group of boys with hypertension deviate in parallel from that for the corresponding curve in the entire boy study population with higher WC. The WC curves for the group of girls with hypertension gradually upward deviated from the corresponding curve before 12 years of age and then gradually returned to the corresponding curve. WC of boys at the percentiles of 60 was already associated with an increased risk of hypertension and hazard ratio of WC at percentiles of 60, 70, 80, and 90 increased from 1.88(95%CI: 1.18 - 2.99) to 4.87 (95%CI: 3.31 - 7.16). WC of girls at the percentiles of 70 was already associated with an increased risk of hypertension and hazard ratio of WC at percentiles of 70, 80, and 90 increased from 1.71 (95%CI: 1.07 - 2.73) to 3.32 (95%CI: 2.16 - 5.09). CONCLUSIONS: The WC growth trajectory of children with hypertension varies with gender. WC is an independent predictor of childhood hypertension, even when it is well within what is now defined as the normal range of WC. Thus, it is helpful to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease of children using the parameter that WC cut-off level lower than 85th percentile.